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彩神882023-09-06

中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

彩神88

美国航空系统一个月“崩溃”两次,暴露“巨大弱点”******

  中新网1月12日电 据美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)报道,当地时间11日,美国联邦航空管理局(FAA)系统出现故障,一度暂停美国境内航班起飞。虽然后续解除暂停措施,但导致上万架次航班受到影响。

  美媒报道称,这是美国航空系统一个月以来第二次“崩溃”,暴露出美国航空业系统老化、人员不足等重大问题。

2023年1月11日,美国联邦航空管理局(FAA)系统出现故障,一度暂停美国境内航班起飞。图为盐湖城国际机场的旅客。

  上万航班受影响,因一个数据库文件损坏?

  据报道,11日早间,FAA宣布空中任务通知系统发生故障,并短暂停止美国境内航班起飞。当日9时左右,暂停起飞措施解除,但由于持续拥堵,航空公司继续推迟或取消航班。

  CNN援引航班信息追踪网站FlightAware数据称,截至美国东部时间11日18时,已有9500多架次航班被延误,超过1300架次航班被取消。

  白宫新闻秘书卡里娜•让-皮埃尔发表声明说,美国总统拜登已经听取关于空中任务通知系统出现故障的汇报,目前没有证据显示这是一次网络攻击。

  FAA在11日晚间发布的声明中承认,初步调查发现故障是由“一个损坏的数据库文件”造成的,并表示将进一步彻查事故原因,并采取一切必要措施防止再次出现航班中断。

  另据路透社报道,美国参议院商务委员会主席、民主党人坎特韦尔表示,该委员会将就此次计算机系统中断原因展开调查。坎特韦尔称,“公众需要一个有弹性的航空运输系统”。

  一个月内两次,事故“不可原谅”

  报道指出,此次大规模停飞是美国航空业在不到一个月内遭遇的第二次重大事故。

  2022年底,因遭遇超强寒潮和系统老化等原因,美国西南航空一周内取消了近1.6万个航班,大量乘客受到影响,航空公司还在退款问题上与乘客僵持不下。

  美国交通部长当时表示,西南航空大规模航班取消已经不是天气导致的事件,而是西南航空公司内部的“系统性失败”。

  而在此次大规模停飞事故后,美国更是出现了不少要求航空系统升级的声音。

  经历了两次停飞的旅客表示,“遇到天气问题很常见,但我从未经历过影响整个国家的大规模(航班)取消。”

  美国旅游协会总裁和首席执行官弗里曼表示,“此次FAA灾难性的系统故障清楚地表明,美国的交通网络迫切需要重大升级。”

  美国众议院交通和基础设施委员会主席格雷夫斯则称,这两次事故“不可原谅”,凸显了“美国航空运输系统的巨大弱点”。他认为,FAA人手严重短缺,“联邦航空局不是自动运行的——整个机构的各个职位上都需要有熟练、专注且固定的领导层,从局长办公室开始。”

  CNN报道称,FAA目前在没有常任领导者的情况下运作。美国总统拜登提名的该组织负责人菲利普·华盛顿不但因有限的航空经验受到共和党人质疑,还曾在与洛杉矶政治腐败调查有关的搜查令中被提及。拜登近期再次提名此人,并表明了政府对他的支持。

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